Livingstone University Teaching Hospital’s dental surgeon, Dr. Robin Mwewa, has raised critical concerns about the dangers of mercury in dental amalgam fillings.
Speaking at a recent health forum, Dr. Mwewa detailed the adverse effects of mercury on human health and the environment, urging for greater awareness and action.
Mercury, a key component in dental amalgam, has been used globally for over a century to treat cavities.
Its introduction in dentistry originated in Europe, with countries like France and Britain pioneering its application.
However, the long-term consequences of mercury exposure were not understood until much later.
Health Risks Associated with Mercury Exposure
Dr. Mwewa highlighted several health complications linked to mercury exposure from dental amalgam fillings:
1. Tremors: Mercury can cause involuntary muscle contractions, commonly affecting the legs.
2. Emotional Instability: Excessive mercury can lead to mood swings, irritability, nervousness, and excessive shyness.
3. Sleep Disturbances: Insomnia, resulting from mercury poisoning, impacts productivity and overall well-being.
4. Neuromuscular Issues: Weakness, muscle shrinkage, and poor coordination are common, particularly in individuals performing physically demanding tasks.
5. Headaches: Persistent headaches may be misdiagnosed and treated with painkillers, while the underlying cause—mercury poisoning—remains untreated.
6. Sensory Impairment: Mercury can dull taste sensations and disrupt nerve responses.
7. Cognitive and Developmental Problems: Mercury exposure during pregnancy or early childhood can impair learning, concentration, and speech development.
Dr. Mwewa also pointed to mercury contamination in food, particularly in shellfish, which compounds these health risks. Consumption of mercury-laden fish can lead to twitching pains, impaired movement, and speech and hearing difficulties.
Environmental Concerns
Beyond its impact on health, mercury poses significant environmental threats.
Improper disposal of dental amalgam waste can lead to mercury contamination in soil and water, harming ecosystems and wildlife.
“The effects of mercury on both human health and the environment are profound,” Dr. Mwewa emphasized.
“It is especially harmful to children and pregnant women. Addressing these risks is a matter of urgency.”
Dr. Mwewa called for the proper disposal of amalgam waste and increased public education about mercury’s dangers.
He also advocated for alternatives to mercury-containing dental fillings, which are safer for patients and the environment.
As awareness grows about mercury’s risks, Dr. Mwewa’s message serves as a crucial reminder of the importance of transitioning to safer dental practices and protecting the environment from toxic exposure.
And Livingstone Deputy Mayor Robert Wandila officially launched the Africa Mercury-Free Dentistry Week in Livingstone, reaffirming the city's commitment to a healthier and safer environment.
Speaking at the event hosted by the Children’s Environmental Health Foundation, Wandila emphasized the dangers posed by mercury exposure, particularly to vulnerable groups like children and pregnant women.
The event brought together officials from the Livingstone City Council, the District Health Office, the Health Professional Council of Zambia, the Livingstone University Teaching Hospital, and the Livingstone Chamber of Commerce.
While representatives from the Zambia Environmental Management Agency (ZEMA) could not attend, Wandila acknowledged their critical role in promoting environmental safety.
“It is truly touching and saddening to learn about the effects of mercury exposure,” Wandila said.
“Your fight is noble, and I will join you in this campaign to ensure that the ban on dental amalgam is done legally.”
Dental amalgam, a material containing mercury, is commonly used in dental fillings.
However, its potential health risks have prompted calls for its phased removal in Zambia.
Wandila committed to collaborating with stakeholders, including the Ministry of Green Economy and Environment and the Ministry of Health, to develop legislation prohibiting its use.
The deputy mayor expressed his appreciation for the Children’s Environmental Health Foundation’s efforts to create a mercury-free environment and pledged to work alongside the organization to make Livingstone—and Zambia as a whole—a leader in mercury-free dentistry.
“I will gladly advocate for the phasing out of dental amalgam,” Wandila said.
“We aim to achieve this through the development of legislation that will prohibit its use, ensuring a safer future for our communities.”
The initiative aligns with broader efforts across Africa to eliminate mercury use in dentistry, contributing to the continent's environmental health goals.
Wandila urged the District Health Office to monitor progress and pledged his unwavering support for the campaign.
With his concluding remarks, Wandila declared the Africa Mercury-Free Dentistry Week officially launched in Livingstone, marking a significant step forward in environmental and public health advocacy.
"Together, we can make Africa dental amalgam-free," Wandila stated.
And in a passionate call for change, the Children’s Environmental Health Foundation (CEHF), led by Executive Director Micheal Musenga, has urged Zambia to join the global movement towards mercury-free dentistry.
Speaking during the Africa Week of Mercury-Free Dentistry, Musenga highlighted the health and environmental hazards posed by dental amalgam, a material that contains up to 45% mercury.
Musenga emphasized the critical need for Zambia to phase out dental amalgam, aligning with global standards set by the Minamata Convention on Mercury, an international treaty to protect human health and the environment from mercury exposure.
"Dental amalgam is a primitive pollutant, harmful to dental workers, patients, and particularly children and women of reproductive age," he said.
Global Progress and Local Challenges
While Europe has successfully banned dental amalgam, both in its production and export to developing countries, the material still finds its way into Zambia, raising concerns over border enforcement.
Musenga urged the Zambian government to strengthen laws to prevent the import and use of dental amalgam, which he described as “disastrous to the environment and public health.”
The CEHF is collaborating with organizations such as the World Alliance for Mercury-Free Dentistry and the Africa Centre for Environmental Health to advocate for legislative measures. These efforts are in line with the European Union's zero-pollution ambition and aim to make Africa mercury-free.
### Health Risks and Environmental Impact
Mercury from dental amalgam is a significant pollutant, poisoning fish and endangering communities reliant on aquatic ecosystems. "Children who consume mercury-contaminated fish risk brain damage," Musenga warned. He noted that safer alternatives to dental amalgam are available and should be adopted nationwide.
### Call to Action
Musenga appealed to key stakeholders, including the Minister of Health, Hon. Elijah Musuma, and the Minister of Green Economy and Environment, to take decisive action. "We need national laws to prohibit the use of dental amalgam and ensure its phase-out in hospitals and private dental clinics," he said, adding that community support would be crucial for success.
Zambia’s commitment to the Minamata Convention provides a framework for this transition. Musenga stressed the importance of immediate action, particularly for vulnerable groups such as children, pregnant women, and breastfeeding mothers.
### A Vision for the Future
With a strong legislative push and coordinated efforts among stakeholders, Zambia could become a leader in mercury-free dentistry in Africa. "Zambia is not a dumping ground for toxic dental amalgam. The people of Zambia have a right to health and a safe environment," Musenga declared.
As the Africa Week of Mercury-Free Dentistry continues, the CEHF hopes its message will resonate, inspiring Zambia to join the growing list of countries prioritizing health and environmental sustainability.
And The Children's Environmental Health Foundation has expressed gratitude for a free dentistry program that ran from December 2 to December 13, 2020, which aimed to educate and provide essential dental care to the community. Speaking during the closing of the program, Chilunga Muzala, a representative of the foundation, highlighted the significance of the initiative and the knowledge imparted on the use and impacts of dental amalgam.
“We are grateful for the opportunity and the knowledge provided through this program,” Muzala said. The program not only offered dental services but also raised awareness about the adverse effects of dental amalgam, which contains mercury—a substance linked to several health issues.
Muzala noted that dental amalgam, once a common material used in fillings, has been associated with adverse health effects, including emotional changes such as mood swings, nervousness, insomnia, neuromuscular changes, headaches, and cognitive impairments. “We are grateful for this knowledge and appreciate that amalgam use has been phased out in hospitals,” she added.
However, Muzala stressed the need for further action, urging local authorities to enact legislation that would make Zambia a dental amalgam-free country. “We still request that a law be established so that, together, we can ensure safer dental practices and protect the health of our communities,” she appealed.
The program’s success is seen as a step forward in improving oral health while promoting safer, mercury-free alternatives in dentistry. Advocates like Muzala hope that the knowledge shared and the appeal for legal reforms will pave the way for a healthier future for Zambia.
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